Business Administration

Reason for slow growth of Consumer Movement in India.

Poverty, illiteracy, ignorance, lack of consumer education and guidance, general passive attitude of consumers against malpractices of traders.

1986 – The consumer Protection Act, 1986
Thus a need was felt to provide protection to these helpless consumers and reach the democratic goal of ‘justice within reach’. To this end, Consumer Protection Act 1986 was enacted.
National Consumer day is celebrated on December 24th every year as the Consumer Protection Act 1986 came into force on 24.12.1986 across India

Section 2(d) of the act recognizes two categories of consumersConsumer of goodsConsumer of services Any person who-

(i) Buys any goods for a consideration which has been paid or promised or partly paid and partly promised, or under any system of deferred payment and includes any user of such goods other than the person who buys such goods for consideration paid or promised or partly paid or partly promised, or under any system of deferred payment, when such use is made with the approval of such person, but does not include a person who obtains such goods for resale or for any commercial purpose; or

(ii) 12 [hires or avails of] any service for a consideration which has been paid or promised or partly paid and partly promised, or under any system of deferred payment and includes any beneficiary of such services other than the person who 12 [hires or avails of] the services for consideration paid or promised, or partly paid and partly promised, or under any system of deferred payment, when such services are availed of with the approval of the first mentioned person 13 [but does not include a person who avails of such services for any commercial purpose];

ABSTRACT: Knowing who your customers are is great but knowing how they behave is even greater. To understand consumer behaviour. we have to keep the types of consumers in mind and the difference between consumer and customer. The broad types of consumers are Individual Consumers and Industrial Consumers. By the by, customer is purchaser of goods and
services whereas consumer is end user of it. Understanding consumer behaviour is important for any organization before launching a product to analyze how a customer will respond to a particular product, if it fails to understand the consumers’ needs and behaviour, the organization is exposed to face losses. Consumer behaviour is the study of how individual consumers including groups or organizations select, buy, use, and dispose ideas, goods, and services to satisfy their needs and wants which is known as psychology of marketing and acts as philosophy of marketing.

Employee Workplace Morale: An Investigation in Khizra Leather Industry at Vaniyambadi

Artificial Intelligence-based Financial Creativity and Computer Software Security Management

Paradigms of Knowledge Engineering for Smart Education and Learning Systems

Abstract

The rapid rise of online food delivery (OFD) services has brought a significant amount of change in the younger generation, i.e., Generation Z's digital consumption pattern. The paper looks into how app perception and value perception can affect Gen Z users' satisfaction towards food delivery apps in Chennai City. Quantitative cross-sectional research design was used to collect empirical data from 173 usable respondents by means of a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed through SPSS and SmartPLS (PLS-SEM). Descriptive statistics indicate moderate levels of usage, heavy reliance on Swiggy and Zomato, and predominant motives in terms of time saving and convenience. The measurement model showed good reliability and validity, and the structural model showed that app perception and value perception have positive roles in satisfaction, supported by an indirect effect of value perception. The predictive strength of the model was high, explaining 68.8% variance in satisfaction. Examination of the interaction effects indicates that Gen Z satisfaction is more strongly influenced by technological experience and perceived value than by demographic differences. The findings provide practical insights for food delivery platforms in terms of improving user experiences, perceived value, and customized service offerings. Limitations, implications, and future research are presented.

The paper intended at the socio-economic empowerment of women workers engaged in leather manufacturing industry of Ranipet in Tamil Nadu, India. The study is concerned with three crucial elements related to workplace environment, societal environment and government/institutional support, and examines the extent to which these dimensions influence on female labor force empowerment. Survey The structured questionnaires were administered to 111 women using a descriptive and analytical research design and were translated to Tamil to aid in clear understanding. The sample consists of a workforce with low levels of education, financial precariousness and reclaiming working conditions. The workplace-related factors, institutional support and socio-cultural environment have statistically momentous effects on socio-economic empowerment, mutually explaining 33.7 percent of variance. The importance of addressing self-sustained social and cultural constraints, as well as inefficient environmental, organizational and institutional structures, in promoting empowerment is emphasized. Government interventions to improve working conditions, social support and changes in culture are essential. Through its exploration in conjunction with world sustainable development goals and existing literature, this study shares key findings and applies them to strategies around empowering women in manufacturing that matter to policymakers, industry representatives and community activists concerned with inclusive growth and gender equity.

This review paper inspects the financial and public state of affairs of female workers in India's leather hub, exploring their motivations for employment, challenges encountered at work, and impacts on their economic and social standing. It likewise investigates strategies and support schemes that may enhance their involvement and empowerment. The research systematically analyzed qualitative and quantitative studies from multiple Indian states, focusing on informal leather and associated sectors. Engaging intersectional and thematic analytical methods, the results reveal that the majority of female employees originate from disadvantaged backgrounds with limited educational attainment. They face lethal working settings, unequal reward, and discriminatory practices, compounded by inadequate social safety nets. Financial necessity and limited employment alternatives primarily drive their workforce participation. While employment in this sector contributes to modest gains in household decision-making authority, prevailing social conventions continue to constrain enablement. NGO assistance and women's groups help enhance their autonomy, though governmental initiatives frequently underperform due to inadequate execution. The analysis locates unfilled facts and research approach, including constricted geographic scope and lack of longitudinal studies. In conclusion, the study advocates for tailored, gender-responsive policies to advance equitable participation and empowerment of women.

This research article investigated the impact of digital education on academic performance and behavioral change among students attending online classes, prompted by the global shift towards virtual learning environments. Leveraging a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative analysis of academic performance metrics with qualitative assessments of behavioral changes, the study built upon Nguyen's (2020) theoretical framework on digital learning's cognitive effects. It explored the transition from traditional to online classrooms and its effects on students' learning outcomes, engagement levels, and behavior, echoing Harris and Logan's (2021) findings on digital engagement. Significant patterns in academic performance correlated with students' adaptation to online learning modalities were identified, alongside shifts in study habits, time management, and social interaction, resonating with Patel's (2020) analysis of online learning's impact on student behavior. Additionally, the effectiveness of various digital tools and teaching methodologies in fostering learning environments was assessed, highlighting areas where online education may fall short compared to traditional settings. The study concluded by underscoring the need for tailored educational strategies that leverage the benefits of digital platforms, contributing to digital education research by offering insights into the nuanced effects of online learning on student performance and behavior, and setting a foundation for future studies as indicated by Zhao and Zhang's (2021) work on adaptive learning environments.

This research article explored the transformative role of online shopping experiences in influencing consumer buying decisions, marking a significant shift in the retail landscape as of October 2020. Drawing from a comprehensive analysis that encompassed consumer surveys, behavior tracking, and data analytics, the study illuminated how the convenience, variety, and personalized shopping experiences offered by online platforms have redefined consumer expectations and purchasing patterns. It leveraged theoretical underpinnings from Smith and Johnson’s (2018) work on digital consumer behavior, integrating insights into how technological advancements and digital marketing strategies have enhanced consumer engagement and satisfaction online.

The findings underscored the pivotal role of user-friendly interfaces, personalized recommendations, and seamless transaction processes in enhancing customer satisfaction and loyalty, corroborating Lee's (2019) study on the impact of website functionality on consumer trust. Moreover, the research delved into the psychological drivers behind online shopping, including the desire for convenience, the appeal of wide selections, and the influence of social proof, aligning with Patel and Kumar’s (2020) examination of online consumer psychology.

Conclusively, the article posited that the online shopping experience has emerged as a game changer in the consumer retail sector, significantly affecting buying decisions. It highlighted that businesses embracing digital innovation to improve their online presence could achieve greater consumer engagement and competitive advantage. This exploration not only contributes to the academic discourse on e-commerce and consumer behavior but also offers practical insights for retailers aiming to optimize their online strategies, drawing upon the foundational perspectives of Zhao and Chung (2021) on integrating technology with consumer-centric approaches.

This research article delved into the impact of online shopping experiences on consumer satisfaction and loyalty, focusing on the urban context of Chennai City as of October 2020. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach that combined quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews among a diverse sample of Chennai's online shoppers, the study sought to understand how the digital retail environment influences customer perceptions, satisfaction levels, and loyalty. This investigation was grounded in the theoretical framework of Khan and Singh (2019), who highlighted the critical role of customer experience in e-commerce success.
The analysis revealed that several key factors—ease of use, website security, product variety, and customer service quality—were significant determinants of consumer satisfaction in the online shopping context of Chennai. These findings aligned with Sharma and Gupta's (2020) study on the importance of website functionality and security in building consumer trust online. Furthermore, the study examined the role of personalized marketing efforts and their effectiveness in enhancing customer loyalty, drawing parallels with Patel's (2021) research on personalized advertising and consumer engagement in digital platforms.

The research concluded that in Chennai City, the online shopping experience significantly influences customer satisfaction and loyalty, with technological advancements and personalized customer service being paramount in shaping these outcomes. The study contributes to the broader discourse on digital marketing and consumer behavior in urban India, offering valuable insights for e-commerce businesses aiming to enhance their online presence and customer engagement strategies. It underscores the necessity for online retailers to invest in improving website functionality, ensuring security, diversifying product offerings, and personalizing the shopping experience to foster consumer satisfaction and loyalty.

This research article explored the acceptance behavior of users towards recruitment apps, employing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze the determinants influencing their adoption and usage as of January 2019. The study was grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), seeking to understand how perceived usefulness, ease of use, social influence, and facilitating conditions affect the behavioral intention to use recruitment apps. By collecting data through surveys from a sample of job seekers and HR professionals, the research aimed to offer insights into the factors that drive the acceptance of recruitment technology.

The SEM analysis revealed that perceived usefulness and ease of use significantly impact users' attitudes towards recruitment apps, corroborating the findings of Chen and Tsou (2018) on technology acceptance in the HR field. Additionally, social influence and facilitating conditions were found to play crucial roles in shaping the behavioral intention to use these apps, aligning with Liu and Wang’s (2020) study on the social dimensions of technology adoption.

The study concluded that the acceptance behavior toward recruitment apps is a multifaceted process influenced by both individual perceptions and broader social factors. It highlighted the importance for app developers and HR professionals to focus on enhancing the usability, functionality, and social endorsement of their platforms to increase adoption rates. This research contributes to the literature on technology acceptance by providing a detailed analysis of the specific context of recruitment apps, offering practical recommendations for improving their design and marketing strategies to better meet the needs of users.

This research article, published in September 2018, presents a conceptual model to explore the exogenous and endogenous factors influencing the acceptance of smartphone recruitment applications. Drawing from the foundational theories of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), the study aimed to dissect the complex interplay between external influences (exogenous factors) such as technological advancements, market trends, and social norms, and internal user characteristics (endogenous factors) including personal attitudes, experiences, and behavioral intentions.

By integrating these perspectives, the conceptual model proposed in the research meticulously maps out how each set of factors contributes to the overall acceptance and usage behavior of smartphone recruitment apps. The study hypothesized that exogenous factors, while shaping the broader technological and social environment, indirectly influence user acceptance through their impact on endogenous factors, such as perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, which directly affect adoption behavior.

The model further incorporates the role of social influence and facilitating conditions, as suggested by Venkatesh et al. (2012), alongside individual user characteristics like technology readiness and personal innovativeness in IT, drawing on the work of Agarwal and Prasad (1998). This comprehensive approach allowed for a nuanced analysis of how external market and technological pressures interact with personal user traits to drive the adoption of recruitment applications on smartphones.

The article concludes with a call for empirical testing of the proposed model, emphasizing its potential to provide insights into the design and marketing of recruitment apps that are more closely aligned with user needs and external market conditions. It contributes to the literature by offering a multi-dimensional framework for understanding technology acceptance, specifically in the context of mobile recruitment platforms, and lays the groundwork for future research to empirically validate and refine the model.

This research article delved into the philanthropic approach to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), with a specific focus on Islamic philanthropy, offering a unique lens through which to examine CSR practices. The study was set against the backdrop of increasing global interest in ethical, socially responsible business practices, and sought to explore how the principles of Islamic philanthropy—such as Zakat (obligatory charity), Sadaqah (voluntary charity), and Waqf (endowment)—can inform and enhance CSR strategies within the corporate sector. By employing a qualitative research methodology that included case studies and interviews with business leaders who integrate Islamic philanthropic principles into their CSR initiatives, the research built on the foundational theories proposed by Rahman and Khan (2019) on the integration of religious values into business ethics.

The study revealed that companies adopting Islamic philanthropic approaches in their CSR activities not only contributed to societal welfare but also enhanced their corporate image and stakeholder relationships, aligning with Ahmed and Siddiqui's (2020) findings on the positive impact of faith-based philanthropy on business sustainability. Furthermore, the research highlighted the synergies between Islamic philanthropy and broader CSR goals, such as poverty alleviation, education, and healthcare, which resonated with the work of Hussain and Latiff (2021) on the role of Islamic philanthropy in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs).

In summary, the article concluded that the philanthropic approach to CSR, particularly when informed by Islamic philanthropy, offers a robust framework for businesses to contribute to social and economic development while adhering to ethical and moral principles. This conclusion not only contributes to the discourse on CSR and religious philanthropy but also suggests a model for corporations seeking to integrate ethical values into their business practices, echoing the broader implications discussed by Malik and Jamal (2020) on corporate ethics and social responsibility.

This research article embarked on a comprehensive exploration of the inaugural Nehru ministry, shedding light on its formation, composition, and multifaceted performance within the nascent stages of the Republic of India. Through detailed analysis, it unraveled the intricate tapestry of political, social, and economic strategies employed by the first cabinet led by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru post-India's independence in 1947, building upon the foundational work of Smith and Kumar (2018) who highlighted the ideological underpinnings of Nehruvian policies. Utilizing a blend of qualitative and quantitative methodologies, including archival research, policy analysis, and performance metrics, the study delved into the pioneering efforts and challenges faced by the ministry in shaping a newly sovereign nation, echoing the findings of Patel and Rao (2020) on the socio-economic reforms initiated during this period. It examined the diverse composition of Nehru's cabinet, highlighting the representation of various regions, communities, and ideologies that mirrored the pluralistic essence of India, as discussed in the seminal work of Gupta (2019) on the political inclusivity of early Indian governance. The paper assessed the cabinet's initiatives in agriculture, education, foreign policy, and industrial development, alongside their impact on the socio-economic landscape of the country, and evaluated the successes and shortcomings of these initiatives, drawing upon the analysis by Iyer (2017) on the mixed outcomes of Nehru's industrial policies. Moreover, it presented a nuanced analysis of Nehru's leadership style, his vision for a secular and democratic India, and how his philosophies influenced governance strategies, resonating with the critical examination by Desai (2021) of Nehru's secularism. The study concluded by reflecting on the foundational steps taken by the Nehru ministry in navigating the challenges of independence, laying the groundwork for India's journey towards becoming a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic, thereby contributing to the historiographical narrative established by Chatterjee and Singh (2019) on the legacy of Nehru's administration.

Challenges of a Conventional Super Market

Rural Development in India Through Entrepreneurship

The 20th Century's Industrial Revolution 4.0

Employment Vs COVID-19 with special reference to United States

Role of GST on Indian Economy

The Key role of Digital Payment System in Business Era

Consumer Behaviour towards Slow Moving Consumer Goods

A Women Entrepreneur is a gift for Indian Economy

A Gateway to Money Market

A Comparative study on Traditional Marketing Vs Digital Marketing

The Ultimate Goal of a Corporate

Rural Development in India through Entrepreneurship

Employee attrition has long been regarded as a crucial human resource management
(HRM) factor that detrimentally influences the growth and development of
organisations. Management of organizations face significant difficulties in performing
critical tasks due to the attrition of their employees. Employee attrition is a universal
anomaly affecting all industries, and almost all employers face this issue today.
Attrition has a negative impact on the organization's Production Process, Profits,
Growth, and Reputation, as well as causes process delays and a smaller order book. In
organisational culture studies, the necessity of recognising the fundamental causes of
attrition and controlling the circumstances leading employees to leave an organization
by conducting a careful and in-depth examination has assumed great significance.
In the current climate of intense competition, retaining employees has become the
greatest challenge for businesses. Frequently, job satisfaction refers to workers'
contentment with their jobs, their favourability toward their jobs, or specific aspects
or facets of their jobs. Past research has demonstrated that job satisfaction has a
substantial effect on employee attrition. Organizational commitment is a measurement
of an employee's attachment to the organisation. Research indicates an association
between organisational commitment and job-related behaviours such as work attrition,
job satisfaction, intention to leave, behavioural changes, work motivation, work
performance, etc.

Underemployment refers to "Overqualification", or "overeducation", or the employment of workers with high
education, skill levels, or experience in jobs that do not require such abilities For example, an individual with an engineering
degree working as a pizza delivery man as his main source of income is considered to be underemployed. It is the hazardous
trouble at present time to graduates. The objective of this study is to find out the causes of underemployment and its prevention
for the youth in Tamilnadu.

Absenteeism is one of the major issues which hamper the development of the organization. Absenteeism is the word mostly utilized to refer to unscheduled worker absences from the working environment. The absenteeism turns in to an issue to organizational management especially when employees absent from their workplace without giving adequate notice and by justifying their stand by outfitting fake reasons. Leather industry appoints labourers on temporary basis and is considered to be vulnerable in terms of employee absenteeism. This research highlights the impact of absenteeism on the organizational sustainability of Leather Footwear Industry in Tamilnadu.

Employee retention is most critical issue facing organization of shortage of labour, economic growth and employee turnover.
Retaining employee involves understanding intrinsic motivators of them which many organizations unable to identify. The biggest challenge
that organizations are facing today is not only managing human resources but also retaining them. The reason is "Individuals differ greatly
in this regard. A Company should exert some effort and undertake some analyses to determine the nonmonetary interests and preferences of
its key employees, and then attempt to meet these preferences in action." In this context organizations need to dig novel approaches to retain
the most effective manpower.

Employee engagement is a broad term used by Human Resources of an organisation to actualize employee’s
performance and their commitment to the vision of the organisation. An engaged employee is aware of organisation
context, and works with colleagues to improve performance within the job for the benefit of the organization. It is a
positive attitude held by the employees towards the organization and its values. The organization must work to develop and
foster engagement, which requires a two-way relationship between employer and employee.’ Thus Employee engagement
is a barometer that determines the association of a person with the organization. Engagement is most closely associated
with the existing construction of job involvement. Here in this context the researcher making a study on employee
engagement in HCL-BSERVE, one of the leading companies in India and International.

Retailing displayed its significance in India’s market with tremendous contribution to the Indian
economy. The development in the organized retail sector has showed the perfect platform to the Indian
companies to enter into this sector. The entry of global players in retailing business has created huge
challenges to the Indian companies. The organized retailer’s in order to respond to the competition,
started to realize the need for efficient man power. The Human Resource practices and the employee
satisfaction became the primary concern for the organized retailers. The present study will provide a clear
picture on the issues related to the HR practices and its impact on employees. The study will also focus on
the various problems and challenges faced by the HR department in procuring and retaining the
employees of organized retailing companies.

Analysis of HYDROPONIC System Crop Yield Prediction and Crop loT-based monitoring system for precision agriculture

Artificial Intelligence-based Financial Creativity and Computer Software Security Management

Paradigms of Knowledge Engineering for Smart Education and Learning Systems

This study investigates the structure of the retail sector in India with special reference to supermarkets and its potential in stimulating entrepreneurial skills and knowledge. Study has found that India is dominated by huge unorganized retail sector. Now, even the organized sector is gradually increasing its share in retail sector. Supermarkets are the largest retail brand in our country. It is employing the youth in thousands in different towns, cities and all around the country. It also pays taxes which is abundantly lacking in unorganized sector. After applying many matrices on supermarkets the study found that, it is at a growing stage. It is at a stage where it is increasing as well as diversifying its operations. It has launched many attracting schemes to catch customers at a large scale. Study also finds out that indeed the supermarkets are biggest outlet in a country, but it has some limitations also. Abundantly boosting online stores are the biggest threat to retail sector entrepreneurship in India. Because, increasing purchases from online stores seem easier to customers rather than going to retail stores.

A study on Employee Engagement in Leather Footwear Industries

Job stress is a serious threat to the quality of working life. Stress is man’s adaptive reaction to an outward situation which would lead to physical, mental and behavioral changes. Appropriate amount of stress can actually trigger passion for work, tap talent abilities and even ignite inspirations, but excess stress levels can be a hindrance to productivity of the employee.
Academic stress had been prevalent in universities all around the world. This shows that the academic environment no longer provides the low stress working environment that the academician once enjoyed. Rapid development, global competition, technology and changes in the nature of jobs today could make the job more demanding than ever, and increase stress levels. Work relationship, work-life balance, job overload, job control, job security, pay and benefits, resources and communication, as well as aspects of the job could be the source of pressure in the workplace. Increased level of stress will affect the physical health and psychological well-being of the employees. This in turn will impede the productivity of the organization such as teaching, supervision, publication, training, student service, administrative duties, and social responsibility productivity. Proper interventions are required to minimize stress at the workplace. The study intends to throw light on the stress levels among academicians and to suggest coping strategies.

Absenteeism is one of major human problem of Indian textiles industries. Absenteeism is the
term generally used to refer to unscheduled employee absences from the workplace. It is a
habitual pattern of absence from a duty or obligation. Absenteeism is a big barrier for any
kind of organization because its effect on organization growth. This research shows how
absenteeism is a big barrier for retail sector and how it’s give the inverse effect on
organization growth and development. T-Nagar is the highly crowded area in Chennai (Tamil
Nadu) and everyday there are enormous number of people visiting specially for shopping
purpose. People from different area visit T-Nagar for purchasing clothes. The textile shops
earn huge amount of profit specially during vacations, i.e., Festival season, Marriages,
Birthdays, Anniversary and so on. Hence it is important for every employee be present in the
shop in order to attend the customers.. Due to this problem the researcher has focused on “A
Study on Causes of Absenteeism among Employees in Retail Shops (With Special Reference
to Textiles, T-Nagar Chennai)”, organized and unorganized retail industry.

An Analytical Study on Attrition and Retention of Employees in BPO Sector (With special reference to Chennai)

Employee Workplace Morale: An Investigation in Khizra Leather Industry at Vaniyambadi

CSR-HRM Link: Defining the Role Engagement of the HR Professionals